Cannot shutdown Ubuntu, always restarts

Solution:
sudo shutdown -h now

Ubuntu pip install record

MozSecWorld$ sudo pip install -r requirements/compiled.txt 
Downloading/unpacking py-bcrypt==0.2 (from -r requirements/compiled.txt (line 7))
  Running setup.py egg_info for package py-bcrypt
Downloading/unpacking hashlib==20081119 (from -r requirements/compiled.txt (line 6))
  Running setup.py egg_info for package hashlib
    Using OpenSSL version 0x009080ff from
     Headers: /usr/include
     Library: /usr/lib/libssl.so
    no previously-included directories found matching 'build'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'dist'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'RCS'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'CVS'
    no previously-included directories found matching '.svn'
Downloading/unpacking Jinja2==2.5.5 (from -r requirements/compiled.txt (line 2))
  Running setup.py egg_info for package Jinja2
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'jinja2'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'jinja2'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
Downloading/unpacking MySQL-python==1.2.3c1 (from -r requirements/compiled.txt (line 1))
  Running setup.py egg_info for package MySQL-python
    sh: mysql_config: not found
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "", line 14, in 
      File "/home/haoqili/Desktop/MozSecWorld/build/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 15, in 
        metadata, options = get_config()
      File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
        libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
      File "setup_posix.py", line 24, in mysql_config
        raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))
    EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    sh: mysql_config: not found

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "", line 14, in 

  File "/home/haoqili/Desktop/MozSecWorld/build/MySQL-python/setup.py", line 15, in 

    metadata, options = get_config()

  File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config

    libs = mysql_config("libs_r")

  File "setup_posix.py", line 24, in mysql_config

    raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))

EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

----------------------------------------
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1
Storing complete log in /home/haoqili/.pip/pip.log

and then python manage.py runserver still gives "ImportError: No module named bcrypt" error.

so sudo pip install py-bcrypt worked

Git tutorial -- Getting started with git (hosting and cloning)

I have used git a bit in classes and for github projects created by others. But today I'm taking the initiative to learn it from scratch. My friend Phil set up a Ubuntu virtual machine for me on his server, where I plan to do a very small web project with dcluo. Git was not installed.

Creating a git repository on a directory for a project:

0. My directory where I want to make into a git repository is /var/www/game1. There is currently only 1 file inside it: index.html

1.* Install git from Ubuntu terminal: sudo apt-get install git-core git-doc
* See note below *

2. Create git repository: git init

Initialized empty Git repository in /var/www/game1/.git/

3. Check it's working: git status

# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# index.html
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

4. git config --global user.name "Your Name"
5. git config --global user.email youremail@email.com

6. git add index.html and add other files similarly

7. git status

# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: index.html
#

8. git commit -a -m "brand new start" the "-a" adds all the changed files (yes, it's redundant here because I have added my only file in step 6, but it's good to know)

[master (root-commit) d38fbfd] brand new start
1 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 index.html

9. git status

# On branch master
nothing to commit (working directory clean)

10. git log note it doesn't say "commit #1", it's good because ordering by numbers would be confusing if you merge or revert commits in the future

commit d38fbfd10003a28859d5b943b729084bfcf6b78d
Author: HaoQi Li <youremail@email.com>
Date: Sun Feb 13 06:14:54 2011 -0500

brand new start

Getting that git repository directory on another machine:

11. On another machine, make a directory where you want to clone the repository. mkdir anotherDir

12. cd anotherDir

13. git clone haoqi@haoqi_s.host.com:/var/www/game1 . don't forget the dot at the end! It means copying to the the current directory.

Initialized empty Git repository in /path/to/anotherDir/.git/
The authenticity of host 'haoqi_s.host.com (209.143.128.58)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 58:9c:96:f9:7c:39:3c:78:07:8c:40:59:a5:4b:34:9b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'haoqi_s.host.com,209.143.128.58' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
haoqi@haoqi_s.host.com's password:
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.

If instead you get this error below, check that you're in a place where you can do git. In my case, I did "ssh scripts.mit.edu" right before running the git clone, but git doesn't work inside MIT scripts.

Cloning into ....
The authenticity of host 'haoqi_s.host.com (209.143.128.58)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 58:9c:96:f9:7c:39:3c:78:07:8c:40:59:a5:4b:34:9b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/current/machines/home/dir/.ssh/known_hosts).
Permission denied (publickey,password).
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

14. git log

commit d38fbfd10003a28859d5b943b729084bfcf6b78d
Author: HaoQi Li
Date: Sun Feb 13 06:14:54 2011 -0500

brand new start

Yay success!

==========
Edit 3/10:
Github has new tutorials that will help you get started.
1. Set up git in Linux
2. Create a repository
3. Fork a repository
4. Follow a friend

today I learned

Ubuntu: To switch windows from one desktop to the other (accidental discovery):
- SHIFT+CTRL+ALT+Arrow Right or Left

Linux, from 6.033 hands on 1:
Jotting down notes as I go along ... feel free to point out mistakes
- stat [file_or_dir]
- The difference between symbolic link and hard link (Phil introduced this concept to me 2 years ago, but now I finally get it). I've always used symbolic link and it's the way to go!
- echo $PATH "tells the shell where to look in the file system for programs we type on the command line"
- you can do "setenv OLDPATH $PATH" in "tcsh -f", not in bash shell
- echo $0 or ps -p $$ finds what shell I'm in.

Set up PCMCIA Sandisk compact flash card adapter import on Ubuntu 10.10

I followed these instructions.

>sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x41ab2316
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1           9       72261   83  Linux
/dev/sda2   *          10        5487    44002035    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3            5488       14594    73145994    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5            5488        5749     2104483+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6            5750        8360    20972826   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            8361        9588     9857293+  83  Linux
/dev/sda8            9588       14383    38514688   83  Linux
/dev/sda9           14383       14594     1694720   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 1024 MB, 1024966656 bytes
32 heads, 63 sectors/track, 993 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2016 * 512 = 1032192 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *           1         993     1000912+   6  FAT16

Be sure to note what you see after "/dev", you might have "hde1" instead of "sdb1"

> sudo mkdir /media/cfcard
> sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/cfcard
- right click on desktop -> create launcher
- Name: SD mount
- Command: gksu mount /dev/sdb1 /media/cfcard
- Open up Shotwell Photo Manager and you can import the photos.  Or you can go to Computer to see the files.

Setup USB camera import on Ubuntu 10.10

I have a little Kodak Easyshare camera, which I use USB to import photos to my laptop.  It's the first time I tried to import photos since I upgraded from Ubuntu 8.04 to 10.10.

I had a series of problems:


1. Problem: Nothing happened when I plugged in my camera.  In 8.04, F-stop would automatically pop out.

> lsusb
shows that the camera is recognized.

Fix: After some research, I learned that F-stop has been replaced by Shotwell Photo Manager.  Which I installed with:

> sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/ppa
> sudo apt-get update
> sudo apt-get install shotwell

To open Shotwell: Applications -> Graphics -> Shotwell Photo Manager.


2. Now I plug in my camera and something pops up (twice).  But it's an error message:

Unable to mount Kodak EasyShare ... Digital Camera
Error initializing camera: -60: Could not lock the device

Fix: Apparently there is some issue with the camera not wanting to release pictures freely.  So I got gPhoto to resolve this.

> sudo apt-get install gphoto2

3. Now when I try plugging in the camera: (Somehow I still get a duplicate, whatever)

- Ignore any error messages. 
- Click on the window that opens Shotwell Photo Manager
- Click the option that unmounts the camera, wait for a while.
- Should now see a preview of all the images on your camera.
Wait until it finishes
- Click on "Import All"

Change prompt color (and others) on Linux terminal

Simple way:

> cd ~/
> vim .bashrc
> /force_color_prompt=yes
> delete the "#" in front of this line to uncomment it
> save (":w" in vim)

Open up a new terminal to see results!

----

The more complicated way lets you customize the prompt, you can google it.

Add date to the prompt:
key is adding the :\t: to the line, where you add ":" to separate it from other parts of the prompt. But then it would not be colored.

To add nice colors, wrap it with
:\[\033[01;33m\]\t\[\033[00m\]:

The \[\033[01;33m\] means it's the beginning of the color "33" is yellow in my case, feel free to pick another color. The \[\033[00m\] means you end this coloration.

In the end, I have this:

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;33m\]\t\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '